Influencia del umbral lingüístico en la competencia lectora en estudiantes de educación superior
Palabras clave:
bilingüe, castellano, competencia lectora, quechua, umbral lingüísticoSinopsis
Este libro es una adaptación de una tesis presentada en la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la influencia del umbral lingüístico en la competencia lectora de estudiantes bilingües. El estudio se realizó con dos grupos de 27 estudiantes castellano-quechua y quechua-castellano de segundo grado de secundaria del INA 21 de Azángaro, en enfoque cuantitativo, tipo de investigación explicativa y diseño cuasi experimental con prueba de entrada y salida. El umbral lingüístico se determinó mediante pruebas de vocabulario receptivo y productivo, después de un programa de reforzamiento en lectura; la competencia lectora, mediante las pruebas de lectura del Ministerio de Educación; y la relación entre umbral lingüístico y competencia lectora, a través de la correlación de Pearson (r). Los resultados indican que todas las variables evaluadas fueron significativas (p < 0.05). El umbral lingüístico del grupo castellano-quechua fue mayor que el del grupo quechua-castellano, en un nivel avanzado vs. principiante, un vocabulario receptivo de 2130 vs. 975 de las 3000 palabras más frecuentes, y una cobertura léxica de 71.0 vs. 32.5%, respectivamente. La competencia lectora del grupo castellano-quechua fue mayor que la del grupo quechua-castellano, con un puntaje de 718 (satisfactorio) vs. 594 (en proceso), respectivamente. La correlación entre el umbral lingüístico y la competencia lectora fue alta (r = 0.76) y significativa (p < 0.05), evidenciando causalidad y asociación positiva directa entre las variables. A partir de los resultados se concluye que, el umbral lingüístico influye positivamente en la competencia lectora de estudiantes bilingües castellano-quechua y quechua-castellano, manifestándose con una brecha significativa en el logro de sus aprendizajes.
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