Efectividad del gel de aloe vera ozonizado sobre la inhibición del crecimiento de Enterococcus faecalis
Keywords:
Aloe Vera, ozone, Enterococcus faecalis, inhibition, alcohol 70°, chloroformSynopsis
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ozonated Aloe Vera gel on the growth inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis according to application time. It was quasi-experimental, longitudinal and applicative. In a first instance, the Aloe Vera gel was collected. Once obtained, it was subjected to ozonation, for which the ozonation patterns of the water are taken. It was then applied to Enterococcus faecalis samples by means of diffusion disks and applied directly. The results were not very encouraging, showing inhibition halos no larger than 10 mm and 0 mm in diameter in several cases. For this reason, Aloe Vera gel was diluted in 70° alcohol and chloroform, obtaining better results. The sample consisted of Petri dishes incubated with Enterococcus faecalis, at a rate of 35 Petri dishes for each study group and application time. The gel was applied to the samples by diffusion of filter discs and by direct application. After several tests, the ozonated gel at 24 hours showed the best results with inhibition halos of 40-45 mm. In conclusion, the Ozonized Aloe Vera gel is a product that demonstrated a high effectiveness when applied on Enterococcus faecalis to extract its greatest properties, it is necessary to dilute them in 70° alcohol and chloroform, so it presents a high level on the bacteria.
References
- Mohamaddi Z, Shalavi S, Soltani MK, Asgary S. A Review of the Properties and Applications of Ozone in Endodontics: An Update. Iran Endod J. 2013 Spring; 8(2): 40– 43.
-Torabinejad M, Walton R. Endodoncia principios y práctica. 4ta ed.. Barcelona: Elsevier; 2010.
- Sureshchandra B, Kumar A. Antibacterial efficacy of aloe vera extract on resistant antimicrobial strains in endodontics. Endodontology. 2011; 23(1): 56-60.
- Organización Mundial de la Salud. OMS. Estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional 2002–2005. Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2002.
- Cachay R. Tratamiento de la gingivitis con un preparado galénico a base de una planta medicinal Aloe Vera (Sábila). Rev. Od. UMRPSFX. 1998.
- Dilip G, MDS Dilip G, MDS Bhat S, MDS Bhat I, MDS Beena A, PhD Beena A. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Aloe Vera Gel Dental Evaluación comparativa. El club del Aloe Vera [En línea] 2010 julio 6 [Fecha de acceso 20 diciembre 2015]; URL disponible en: https://elclubdelaloevera.wordpress.com/tag/periodontitis/.
- Gala-García A. Avaliação antimicrobiana in vitro e da resposta do complexo dentinopulpar in vivo após capeamento direto com Aloe vera L. em ratos. [Trabajo especial de grado para el título de master]. Minas Gerais. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais Facultad de Odontología; 2005.
- Wolfe B. Aloe Vera Scientific Studies. Dr. Wolfe’s [En línea] 2016. URL disponible en: http://www.drwolfe.com/aloe_vera/studies.
- Mandeville FB. Aloe vera in the treatment of radiation ulcers of mucous membranes. Radiol. 1939; 32: 598-599.
- Stevens N. Aloe vera. 7ma Ed.. Málaga: Editorial Sirio S.A.; 2006.
- Boonyagul S, Banlunara W, Sangvanich P, Thunyakitpisal P. Effect of acemannan, an extracted polysaccharide from Aloe vera, on BMSCs proliferation, differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis, mineralization, and bone formation in a tooth extraction model. Odontology. 2014; 102(2): 310-317.
- Marquez R. Obtención de Gel de Aloe Vera. Micr. Office [en línea] 2012 abril 15 [fecha de acceso: 14 de noviembre del 2016]; 46 (26). URL disponible en: http://www.webdelprofesor.ula.ve/ingeniería/marquezronald/wp-content/uploads/primera- entrega.pdf
- Bhat G, Kudva P, Dodwad V. Aloe vera: Natures soothing healer to periodontal disease. J IndianSocPeriodontol. 2011;15:205-209.
- Bertolini P, BiondiFilho O, Pomilio A, Pinheiro S, Carvalho M. Antimicrobial capacity of Aloe vera and propolis dentifrice against Streptococcus mutans strains in toothbrushes: an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012; 20(1): 32-37.
- Jittapiromsak N , Sahawat D, Banlunara W, Sangvanich P, Thunyakitpisal P. Acemannan, an product from Aloe vera , stimulates dental pulp cell proliferation differentiatión, mineralizatión and dentin formation. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010; 16(6): 1997- 2006.
- Akinyele B, Odiyi A. Comparative study of vegetative morphology and the existing taxonomic, nutritional and medicinal status of Aloe vera L. African Crop Sci Society. 2007; 8: 1567-1570.
- Ferraro G. Revisión de la Aloe vera (barbadensis Miller) en la dermatología actual. Rev Argent Dermatol. 2009; 90: 218-223.
- Ramachandra C, Srinivasa P. Processing of Aloe vera Leaf Gel: A Review. Am J AgricBiolSc. 2008; 3(2): 502-510.
- Bozzi A, Perrin C, Austin S, Arce F. Quality and authenticity of commercial Aloe vera gel powders. Food Chem. 2007; 103: 22–30.
- Williams L, Burdock G, Shin E, Kim S, Jo C, Jones K. Safety studies conducted on a proprietary high-purity Aloe vera inner leaf fillet preparation, Qmatrix. RegulToxicolPharmacol. 2010; 57: 90-98.
- Kaur M, Singh J, Kamboj S, Saxena A. Purification and characterization of a lectin from leaf pulp of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F. J Pharm Res. 2011; 4(7): 2441-2446.
- Adesuyi A, Awosanya O, Adaramola F, Omeonu A. Nutritional and Phytochemical Screening of Aloe barbadensis. Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 2012; 4(1): 4-9.
- Mirshafiey A, Aghily B, Namaki S, Razavi A, Ghazavi A, Ekhtiari P. Therapeutic approach by Aloe vera in experimental model of multiple sclerosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2010; 32(3): 410–415.
- Vijayalakshmia D, Dhandapanib R, Jayavenia S, Jithendraa P, Rosea CH, Mandal A. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Aloe vera by down regulation of MMP-9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.J Ethnopharmacol. 2012; 141: 542-546.
- Prabjone R, Thong-Ngam D, Wisedopas N, Chatsuwan T, Patumraj S. Anti- inflammatory effects of Aloe vera on leukocyte–endothelium interaction in the gastric microcirculation of Helicobacter pylori-infected rats. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 2006; 35: 359–366.
- Nari Y, Chan-Ho L, Sun-Mee L. Protective effect of Aloe vera on polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Foodchemtox. 2009; 47: 1341–1348.
- Jettanacheawchankit S, Sasithanasate S, Sangvanich P, Banlunara W, Thunyakitpisal P. Acemannan stimulates gingival fibroblast proliferation; expressions of keratinocyte growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and type i collagen; and wound healing. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009; 109: 525-531.
- Davis H, Leitner M, Russo J, Byrne M. Wound healing: oral and topical activity of Aloe vera. J Am Med AssocPodiatr. 1989; 79(11): 559-562.
- Coronado A, Da Camara L. Efecto bacteriostático y/o bactericida del extracto de Aloe vera en microorganismos de interés clínico. [Tesis de Pregrado]. Valencia: U C, Esc. Bioanalisis; 2012.
- Yebpella G, Adeyemi Hassan M, Hammuel C, Magomya A, Agbaji A, Okonkwo E. Phtyochemical screening and comparative study of antimicrobial activity of Aloe vera various extracts. African J Microbiol Res. 2011; 5(10): 1182-1187.
- Gala-Garcia A, Teixeira K, Mendes L, Sobrinho A, Santos V, Cortes M. Effect of Aloe vera on Rat Pulp Tissue. Pharm Biol. 2008; 46(5): 302–308.
- Espinoza E, Sanginez M. Eficacia del preparado químico a base de Aloe Vera en pacientes con flebitis química del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. [Trabajo de investigación para optar el título de segunda especialización en enfermería intensivista]. Lima: UNMSM; 2003.
- Gupta N, Bhat M, Devi P, Girish. Aloe-Vera: A Nature’s Gift to Children. Int J of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2010; 3(2): 87-92.
- Athiban P, Borthakur B, Ganesan S, Swathika B. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of Aloe vera and its effectiveness in decontaminating guttapercha cones. J Conserv Dent. 2012; 15: 246-248.
- Bocci, V. Biological and clinical effects of ozone. Has ozone therapy a future in medicine?. Br J Biomed Sci. 1999; 56: 270–279.
- Azarpazhooh A. The application of ozone in dentistry: a systematic review of literature. J Dent. 2008; 36(2): 104-116.
- Rickard GD, Richardson R, Johnson T, McColl D, Hooper L. Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004; (3).
- Vilella P. Propiedades del ozono. Ozosystems [En línea] 2010. URL disponible en: http://www.ozosystems.com/files/3_5_fichero_1302597250.pdf.
- Friedman S. Bases Bioquímicas de la Aplicación del Ozono. En: Lanata E. Atlas de operatoria dental. 1ra Ed. Buenos Aires: Alfaomega Grupo Editor Argentino; 2008. p. 66- 74.
- United Nations Environmental Programme. Environmental effectsof ozone depletion: 1998 Assessment. Nairobi: U.S. Global Change Research Information Office; 1998. P. O. Box 30552.
- Torabinejad M, Walton R. Endodoncia, principios y práctica. 4ta ed. Madrid: Elsevier; 2010.
- Siqueira J, Rôças I. Clinical Implications and Microbiology of Bacterial Persistence after Treatment Procedures. J Endod. 2008; 34: 1291–1301.
